Reflex Flash

Used for portrait shots of an optical technique. It refers to the photographer to shoot, put the Flash on a sufficiently large, relatively flat on a white object (typically a white wall or white ceiling) surface, starting from the diffuse reflection light through, so that was taken from the soft natural light for relative to lower light than to eliminate off dazzling black-shadow and direct photo light caused by light

Optics basics: focus, circles, depth of field: concepts and calculations

First explain some concepts: 1, focus (focus) and the optical axis parallel rays into convex lens, ideal lens should be all rays accumulation in mind, then to the proliferation of the cone, the aggregation of all light, known as the focus. 2. circles (circle of confusion) before and after in focus, light began to gather and spread, the point of the image becomes fuzzy

Strobe lighting

Flash lighting devices can be divided into the following categories: Studio lighting equipment, the internal Flash and portable additional Flash. Although the internal Flash is a convenient lighting source, it is often used to supplement the sunlight, but it has its own drawbacks. First of all, the light output of light intensity limited. If it is the only source of light, that can only be used for lighting relative close to be taken. Second, the

Flash lighting devices can be divided into the following categories: Studio lighting equipment, the internal Flash and portable additional Flash.

Although the internal Flash is a convenient lighting source, it is often used to supplement the sunlight, but it has its own drawbacks. First of all, the light output of light intensity limited. If it is the only source of light, that can only be used for lighting relative close to be taken. Second, the internal shining lights always positive relative was taken, prone to harsh, seductive light. Third, the internal shining lamps and lenses are very close, this results in the red eye, causing people pupil red. In contrast, additional Flash and hand-held Flash is much more flexible. In General, they have strong light output, its flash light can change the angle. The light hitting the wall or ceiling, using reflection to get soft lighting, natural lighting effects. But the Flash head can be far enough away from the camera to avoid red-eye phenomenon.

Sparkle fade

Be taken in from farther away, it was a Flash of light, the fewer if Flash to be taken of the distance to 2 times the area of Flash radiation increased to 4 times.

Internal Flash such as Flash and its main light source, might as well as auxiliary light source is useful, because of its light weight, strong, and can only be positive, so creative with glitter effect, such Flash has great limitation.

The following figure shows the camera has a practical part, namely the infrared sensor. It can reflect a body from being taken, invisible light autofocus light detectors help light is too dark when determining the location of the camera body.

Additional Flash Flash mounted on the top of the shoe pentaprism, electronic contacts on it and connect the camera to automatically trigger Flash, such as a variety of Flash specifications which complete integration of Flash (dedicated Flash) has a wide variety of uses.

Portable Flash such Flash with a long handle for mobile.

But it can be installed on the side of the camera. This type of Flash using independent battery, the battery pack with charger fast, each charging Flash number, etc. Flash sync conductor coordinate opening Flash and shutter.

Studio lighting equipment

Indoor photography can be tungsten iodine lamp and lighting flash unit.

Plug socket connected to standard power and tungsten iodine lamp can be regulated from the camera's control. While Flash unit of light, the work does not have a temperature, and was widely used. Since iodine lamp and daylight color temperature, with artificial lighting, you must use the appropriate kind of film. Never light solar tablets and tablets confused. Because Flash and natural daylight color temperature no difference when the Flash unit lighting may use normal film shooting. But also as an auxiliary light, sunlight but flash unit of light output, and can not be used on battery power.

Basic Flash unit each flash unit including a pair of adjustable lighting in the brackets and other can be used to change the light quality, its control switch adjustable light intensity, slightly larger Flash unit requires a power supply unit.

Using Flash sync cable to connect the Flash head and shutter.

Flash light meter because Flash moments, it is necessary to use light to take the correct exposure.

Some light meter is designed to test the Flash and ambient light. Metering, you can hold the table you want to place measuring readings, and then manually a restart Flash. Functional light flash head that lamp can be taken as a whole for uniform lighting. Bezel Flash head that lamp is fitted with 4 block around the active bezel to limit ray casting in certain parts of the body is taken. Nasal tube Flash head that lamp is similar to the spotlight, hoses out narrow light, resulting in significant shadows. Soft light box diffuser this diffuser produces a soft. Distribution of light. When the soft light shining through the strainer cage, front plate is a light source.

Film type

Worldwide sales of all film. 90 percent is used for printing color photos of color negatives. The remaining 10% are mainly positive film and slides in color. Only a few people interested in the black and white film. Negative or positive color negatives use is taken of the complementary colors to be taken, and may adjust the overall color bias. In the printing, color contrast, correct display features

Worldwide sales of all film.

90 percent is used for printing color photos of color negatives. The remaining 10% are mainly positive film and slides in color. Only a few people interested in the black and white film.

Negative or positive color negatives use is taken of the complementary colors to be taken, and may adjust the overall color bias.

In the printing, color contrast, correctly shows the scenery of the original features. Black and white negative film is the tonal contrast. Deep-tint to the light color of guises. While on tone dark. And just like in color negative film, black and white negative film printing. Tonal contrast, show the correct distribution of light and darkness. Such as reverse picture or transparent film or something positive images, mainly used to show and not a yan, therefore, the film's color or tint is consistent with the original scene.

Photos or slides using color negative film has the advantage of using their printed on a color photo viewing in convenient and simple.

They can be stored in a print shop's film bag or in the photography book. In addition, printing on photo costs low, contrast, color slides in the darkroom ornamental front loading box, and must be inserted into the projector. Of course, after the projection of slides is more lively than the photo, as its image quality, color richer, more close to life. Black and white photos: black and white negatives of images and tone of the original features contrast, bright tones correspond to be taken in dark areas. And deep tones correspond to be taken in the areas of bright color. Color negative film can also be printed in black and white photos, but generally speaking, the black and white negative film can produce the most satisfactory quality results. Photo: color negative film image color is to be taken of complementary colors, this film to the identification of a certain image quality. Printing, color reproduction. When necessary, the color can be used in the printing process using filters to be inserted. If the photo color is not accurate or a degree of color difference, you may request printed again. Color slides: as the slide does not intervene in the printing steps, so the color is accurate. Slide in preparation for the show, each an image must be cut from the film strip down and packed boxes. This rinse slides on billing, no hassle. Slides can also be used to produce a color or black-and-white photographs.

Film medium format each medium format camera must use the appropriate medium format film.

35 mm camera film cassettes by metal or plastic cassette supply and use of the site in my camera roll film has a layer of protective backing paper. Large format films as separate sheets. 110 mm film: the once popular 110 mm film medium format is very small, with its printed photos are often of poor quality. This simple film press plastic cassette supply. 35 mm film: this is the most popular film medium format, its variety. It can be used to produce photos that are also used to make the slide, and the film's length and speed does not change. Volume film: this film is also known as 120 or 220 mm, used for all sites in the camera. It can produce 2 inches (6 cm) size of the image. Bulk page film: bulk page film according to the separate leaflet. Use the loaded movie clip.

Sunlight and lights movie film is based on the use of specific types of light colours.

To get the best results. Most of the daylight film for indoor use electronic Flash, can also play a role in the color balance. Because these two are the same as the color temperature of light. If the lighting in the home or Studio with lighting. The film will show a layer of clear orange tones. For color photos, this puts the printing hue can be significantly corrected. However, there is no color slides printed-and-drop procedure. Therefore ensure that different light sources use the correct type of film seem to critical. Black and white and black and white slides can be used in any light. Without having to worry about its tone restore changes.

Color balance

Daylight film can be used in daylight, can also be used in Flash.

Film speed and photographic equipment

According to the film speed, we can put the film into three broad categories: fast film. Slow-speed film and film. Fast film with high ISO (International Standards Association). Slow film of lower ISO values. Fast film applied to the photo under low illumination. In contrast, when the PC performance low slow film may cause underexposed, fast film get the correct

According to the film speed, we can put the film into three broad categories: fast film.

Slow-speed film and film. Fast film with high ISO (International Standards Association). Slow film of lower ISO values. Fast film applied to the photo under low illumination. In contrast, when the PC performance low slow film may cause underexposed, fast film the possibility of obtaining the correct exposure is even greater, however, the speed improvements will reduce image resolution to increase the contrast. Slow film in illuminance good, get high-quality photos are very favourable.

Film force Developer: If you take additional extended color negatives of developer time to compensate.

Color negative film can press calibration ISO values for exposure of 2 times. Slow film: this piece of marble bust statue of photos is to use slow film (ISO32). Please note that the statue faces delicate beige texture as well as bright and dark on the right is left soft tonal transition, even if you zoom in, the scene of the particle size is also negligible. Slow film selection: slow film suitable for shooting a bright was taken, or where the record is taken of the dynamic and fuzzy traces. It is commonly used for still life photography, because still life photos need to zoom in on details of fullness after remains, particles and exquisite images, even in bad lighting conditions, but also to put the camera is fixed to a tripod for slow-speed film for a long time exposure. Medium-speed film: this is the top lighting conditions unchanged, use of medium-speed film (ISO200) filmed half statue. Note that the film of the PC faster, more coarse particles of the image. At this point, the film's PC much faster (ISO value doubled, said the PC performance improvement 1 times), but the image quality remains satisfactory, particles are not obvious. The choice of medium-speed film: medium-speed film is suitable for a wide variety of camera body and a wide variety of lighting conditions. For the Eastern Mediterranean scenery photo, its surrounding environment brightness is high. But will still be available in the morning or evening when the Sun is a little low and not very strong sunshine with medium-speed film. Fast film: when the film speed increased to ISO400, the whole half statue of the slightly different. The face is not enough, half-length, light and dark's fat poor start. As expected, with a speed of the film, the image is enlarged by man-made materials is obvious. Selection of fast film: shoot this flying seagulls need high-speed shutter speed to capture the sense of being perturbed and prevent camera shake, at the same time, the need for a small aperture, avoid focusing on errors. Fast film can make you very dark weak illumination crawl was taken. Ultra-fast shooting this film: to use as the statue of the film, its ISO1000 photosensitivity is ISO400 film 1.5 times at this point, the film emulsion of particles very significantly, at the same time, please note that when using a slow film very gentle gradation level now more rough, but the color is changed. Ultra-fast film selection: the lighting brightness is very low, for example, in a dark room or the weak and the evening of outdoor, optional ultra-fast shooting film. This film is very sensitive to light, even in the matches to light was satisfied with the results. Their visions of a particle size can create dramatic screen, get remarkable atmosphere.

Basic photographic equipment

On 35 mm single-lens reflex camera users should have a set of photographs of various kinds of equipment and accessories.

On the lens, your camera can be supplied with an installed 50 mm standard lens. In addition, you should consider is equipped with a 28-35 mm wide angle lens for shooting a square surface or in narrow places. 90-135 mm telephoto lens for shooting portraits and distance of scenery is appropriate. The zoom lens flexibility, avoid the transform lens brings trouble. Tripod in guarantee static scenery images clear at the same time, the long exposure time to prevent camera shake plays an important role.

If your photography packages there is room, you also should be placed some filter, a set of basic camera cleaning tools, a pad of paper and a pen.

A portable Flash and spare some different ISO film. Shutter release cable for fixed in tripod camera shutter and avoid camera movement. Filter: lens UV absorption installed a filter, the lens has a protective effect. Coloured filters for black and white film or color film special effects.

Pixels and CCD

While digital cameras popular speed is too fast, but for digital cameras really know very little of it. Thanks go to stores and dealers in communication, there are many natural and ordinary consumers face-to-face opportunities. "Trouble, here are 8 Megapixels digital camera?" and "How did you hear about 300 million pixels, so machine-beat out photo effect is very poor," "

While digital cameras popular speed is too fast, but for digital cameras really know very little of it.

Thanks go to stores and dealers in communication, there are many natural and ordinary consumers face-to-face opportunities.

"Trouble, here are 8 Megapixels digital camera?"

"How did you hear about 300 million pixels, so machine-beat out photo effect is very poor."

"I just buy a good digital camera picture quality, 500 million following you don't give me up"

In fact, these are just some of the more I elected a classic example, due to the consumer for the misunderstanding of understanding pixels, so easy to picture quality and pixels, illusion that high pixel, take photographs, but it is not always clear.

For consumer-level digital cameras, with particular emphasis on price/performance of home-digital cameras, if you blindly pursuing high pixel, you are likely to damage the camera itself features, such as zoom, macro, or even the lens quality, single image, the picture quality of the fine and the camera, CCD, digital processing chip, and other parts have a relationship, especially the CCD sensor component is not what we expected, pixel, the more the picture quality is clear, on the contrary, if in CCD size the same, the higher the picture quality on the pixel, the less clear.

Next we give everybody from principle to score a few points about what is a CCD sensor components, pixel values how much is the most appropriate.

CCD?

CCD sensor is also called the charge-coupled device, it is a special kind of semiconductor materials, by a large number of independent photographic diode, arranged in accordance with the matrix in General, the equivalent of a traditional film camera.

At present, the type of CCD, CCD surface formation which is mainly used in digital cameras.

It is composed of many individual photographic diode array, consisting of a square, then the same as brick will build these photographic diode array to composition can output a certain resolution image of CCD sensor.

Its principle is to use the photographic imaging diode will convert the charge light, when the photographer af is complete press the shutter, light by opening the shutter (current consumer-level digital cameras, basic and are based on electronic shutter) through mosaic color into the CCD image sensor, sensitive diodes to accept photon impact after releasing electrons, the number of the electronics and the PC diode sensing proportional to light.

When the exposure is finished, each sensitive diodes with a different number of e-mail, and we can see in the video above is the digital image by the number of electrons and to represent and store, and then control circuit reads from CCD image, red R, green g, and blue B color synthesis, and zoom in and it is digital, the digital signal is deposited digital camera cache, and finally write the camera mobile storage media complete digital photo shoot. (Due to CCD technology is developing rapidly, the principle only applies at present most of the consumer-level digital cameras, like the Sony super HAD CCD 4color etc works are not the same)

[1] [2] [3] next page

SUPER CCD really magic?

SuperCCD is Fuji original a CCD technology has been developed to the fifth generation of SuperCCD.

The CCD technology and earlier standard CCD the biggest different is that it has changed the matrix CCD synthesis of the four primary colors-point one pixel point of principle, the Octagon for the construction and continuous flow of geometry, the honeycomb structure of the photographic unit can better take advantage of the CCD surface space in pixel is equal to get more information.

It should be said, using the SUPER CCD technique of Fuji camera indeed in picture quality than ordinary CCD camera great, especially in color, the performance outstanding.

But since the Fuji introduced this technology, the actual pixel and the maximum output of disagreement between the pixel is not stopped, especially in the midrange S602 and product¡¡ S7000 above reflect the more prominent, S7000 interpolation outputs can produce 1230 megapixels, but its actual pixels only reaches 600 million.

Popular photography terms-content-more

This article primarily describes common some photography terms, such as shutter speed, Aperture, focal length, shutter depth depth of field preview camera common English symbols, etc.

Focal length (Focal length) is basically a central point from the lens to the film plane (other photographic materials) on the clear distance between images.

Focal length of the unit is usually used mm (millimeter) to indicate that a lens is generally marked in front of the lens, such as 50mm (this is commonly referred to as "standard lens", means for 35), 28-70mm (our most popular lens), 70-210mm (telephoto lens). Aperture (Aperture) is used to control the camera light on the size of the device. A large aperture, the amount of light entering the camera will be doubled, reduce the amount of light when the aperture will be halved, aperture size using the F values to indicate that the sequence is as follows: 1, f/f/1.4, f/2, f/f/4, 2.8, f/f/8, 5.6, f/11, f/16, f/22 and f/32, 44, f/f/64 (the smaller the f value, Aperture larger) shutter (Shutter) is used to control the exposure duration of the device. Shutter in General can be divided into microscopic point plane between the shutter and the shutter curtain (that is, people often mentioned sheet steel shutter). Shutter speed shutter opening time. It is a light film of time sweep (exposure time). For example, "1/30" means the exposure time of 1/30 second, equally, "1/60" means the exposure time of 1/60 sec, 1/60-second shutter speed is 1/30 sec shutter speed. Rest and so on. Depth (Depth of field) when an object aggregation clear, from the object in front of a distance to the back of a distance are quite clear. The focus is quite clear that the distance from front to back is called depth of field. About depth of field of some description: the smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field. The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field. For any aperture, its focus is the focus of the depth of field is approximately 2 times the front depth of field. The shorter the focal length of the lens, the greater the depth of field; the longer the focal length of the lens, the smaller the depth of field. Depth of field preview (Depth of field preview) because in the view through the viewfinder, in order to be able to on the brightest possible image composition and aggregation, the lens will always be open to the maximum aperture, so that the maximum aperture is always render the most shallow depth of field. In order to get to see the actual depth of field, the camera offers the depth of field Preview button, press the button, the aperture to the selected size, see the scenes and after shooting the film (memory card) to record scenes. Speed represents the speed of the PC of photographic materials. Speed units of "degrees" or "fixed", as "ISO100/21" represents the speed to 100 ° c/21 of film. The higher the speed, the more sensitive film (in the same shooting environment normal shooting the same picture needs less light, its performance is to use higher shutter or smaller aperture). 200 degrees of sensitivity of the film emulsion is 100 ° film twice, 400 degrees of film sensitivity is 200 ° film 2 times, rest and so on. Color temperature varying light contains different pigment called "color temperature". The color temperature of the unit for the "K" (Kelvin). We usually use daylight color negatives can adapt the color temperature to 5400K-5600K; lighting-type A, type b can adapt the color temperature 3200K 3400K and respectively. Therefore, we should, according to the subject, environment to select different types of film, or a partial color phenomenon (unless used filter corrects color temperature). Report: color temperature is defined as a "hypothetical, so that it is in black metal minus 273 ° c (absolute zero) environment, as the temperature, the black metal emits different wavelengths of light, the light that metal temperature plus 273 is such a light color temperature". For example, the metal is heated to 25 ° c, the metal has issued a red light, the red light of color temperature is "2500 + 273 K, meaning" the red light of color temperature is 2773K. Lower color temperature, long wavelength of light (red, Orange, light), the higher the percentage content; the higher the colour temperature, the shorter wavelengths of light (light blue, violet), the higher the percentage content. For example: noon daylight color temperature is about the color temperature 5500K; Flash is about 5600K; blue sky color temperature of about 100 Watts normal 20000K; bulb light color temperature is approximately 2600K. White balance due to different light conditions of different spectral characteristics, shoot photos often partial color, for example, in fluorescent blue is partial, the incandescent lamp is yellowish, etc. In order to eliminate or mitigate such color cast, digital cameras and camcorders under different light conditions to adjust color settings for the photo color distortion as possible, make the color restore correctly. Because this regulation often white, therefore calls the white balance.